| Test Name : Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN) |
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Reference
Range |
Comments |
7-20 mg/dL
|
The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is a somewhat
routine test used primarily to evaluate renal (kidney) function. The test is often
performed on patients with many different diseases.
Greater-than-normal levels may indicate:
* Congestive heart failure
* excessive protein catabolism (for example, starvation)
* excessive protein ingestion
* gastrointestinal bleeding
* hypovolemia
(for example, burns and dehydration)
* myocardial infarction
* renal
disease (for example, glomerulonephritis, pyelonphritis, and acute tubular necrosis)
or failure
* urinary tract obstruction (for example, tumor, stones, and prostatic
hypertrophy)
Lower-than-normal levels may indicate:
* liver failure
* low protein diet
* malnutrition
* over hydration |
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| Test Name : Cholesterol(CHOL) |
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Reference
Range |
Comments |
125-240 mg/dL
|
This test is often performed to evaluate risks
for heart disease.
Evaluated cholesterol levels may be caused by:
Biliary
cirrhosis, familial hyperlipidemias, high-cholesterol diet, hypothyroidism, nephritic
syndrome, uncontrolled diabetes .
Low
cholesterol levels may be caused by:
* hyperthyroidism
* liver
disease
* malabsorption (inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal
tract)
* malnutrition
* pernicious anemia
* sepsis |
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| Test Name : HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C) |
 |
|
Reference
Range |
Comments |
M 30-70 mg/dL,
F 31-79 mg/dL
|
This test is used in
an evaluation of coronary risk factors.
An HDL 60 mg/ml or above helps protect
against heart disease .
Low
HDL levels may indicate:
* Increased risk of atherosclerotic heart
disease. |
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|
| Test Name :LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C) |
|
|
Reference
Range |
Comments |
| <160 mg/dl
Optimal: < 100 mg/dl
Near Optimal: 100-129 mg/dl
Borderline High:
130-159 mg/dl
High: 160-189 mg/dl
Very High: > 190 mg/dl |
This test is usually performed as part of an evaluation of coronary risk factors.
LDL cholesterol level is a better indicator of your risk for a heart attack and
stroke than total cholesterol.
High
levels of LDL may be associated with:
* Increased risk of atherosclerotic
heart disease
* Familial hyperlipoproteinemia |
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| Test Name : Triglyceride(TG) |
|
|
Reference
Range |
Comments |
| 20-200 mg/dl
NormalL < 150 mg/dl
Borderline High: 150-199 mg/dl
High: 200-499
mg/dl
Very High: > 500 mg/dl |
Triglycerides
are often measured as a reflection of fat (lipid) ingestion and metabolis, or
as part of an evaluation of coronary risk factors.
Greater-than-normal levels may indicate:
* Cirrhosis
* Familial hyperlipoproteinemia (rare)
* Hypothyroidism
* Low protein in diet and high carbohydrates
* Poorly controlled diabetes
* Nephrotic syndrome
* Pancreatitis
Lower-than-normal
levels may indicate:
* Malabsorption syndrome (inadequate absorption
of nutrients in the intestinal tract)
* Malnutrition
* Hyperthyroidism
* Low fat diet |
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| Test Name : Creatine Kinase(CK) |
|
|
Reference
Range |
Comments |
M 27-168 U/L,
F 24-120 U/L
|
When a muscle is damaged,
CPK leaks into the bloodstream.
Higher
than normal total CPK levels may be seen with:
* Heart attack
* myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)
* central nervous system
trauma or stroke
* convulsions
* delirium tremens
* dermatomyositis
or polymyositis
* electric shock
* muscular dystrophies
* pulmonary
infarction (tissue death) |
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| Test Name : Creatine
Kinase MB Isoenzyme (CK-MB) |
Reference Range |
Comments |
Total : M 27-168,
F 24-120 U/L
MM >94-96%,
MB <4-6%,
BB 0%
|
CPK isoenzymes are performed when
the total CPK level is elevated and help differentiate the source of the damaged
tissue.
Higher-than-normal
CPK-3 (MM) levels may occur with:
* crush injuries of skeletal muscleo
or muscular dystrophy
* multiple intramuscular injections
* myositis
(skeletal muscle inflammation)
* post-electromyography (a test of nerve and
muscle function)
* recent seizures or recent surgery
* rhabdomyolysis
(skeletal muscle damage due to drugs or prolonged immobilization)
* strenuous
exercise
Higher-than-normal CPK-2 (MB) levels may occur
with:
* heart attack or open heart surgery
* myocarditis (inflammation
of the heart muscle mostly due to viruses)
* electrical injuries
* trauma
to the heart (for instance, from a car accident)
* heart defibrillation (purposeful
shocking of the heart by medical personnel)
Higher-than-normal
CPK-1 (BB) levels may occur with:
* brain cancer
* brain injury
(due to trauma, stroke or bleeding in the brain)
* electroconvulsive therapy
* pulmonary infarction
* seizure |
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| Test Name : Uric Acid(UA) |
|
|
Reference
Range |
Comments |
M 2.5-7.2 mg/dl,
F 1.8-6.2 mg/dl
|
This test is performed
to detect elevated uric acid levels. Increased levels of uric acid can cause gout.
An overproduction of uric acid occurs when there is excessive breakdown of cells,
which contain purines, or the inability of the kidneys to excrete uric acid.
Greater-than-normal levels
of uric acid (hyperuricemia) may indicate:
* acidosis
* alcobolism
* diabetes
* gout
* hypoparathyridism
* lead poisoning
* leukemia
* niphrolithiasis
* polycythemia vera
* renal failure
* toxemia of pregnancy
* purine-rich diet
* severe exercise
Lower-than-normal levels may indicate:
* Fanconi's
syndrome
* Wilson's disease
* SIADH
* low purine diet |
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| Test Name : Creatinine(CREA) |
|
|
Reference
Range |
Comments |
M 0.7-1.5 mg/dl,
F 0.5-1.2 mg/dl
|
The test is performed
to evaluate kidney function. If kidney function is abnormal, creatinine levels
will increase in the blood, due to decreased excretion of creatinine in the urine.
Creatinine levels also vary according to a persons size and muscle mass.
Greater-than-normal levels
may indicate:
* Acute tubular necrosis
* Dehydration
* Diabetic
nephropathy
* Eclampsia
* Glomerulonephritis
* Muscular dystrophy
* Pre-eclampsia
* Pyelonephritis
* Reduced renal blood flow (shock,
congestive heart failure)
* Renal failure
* Rhabdomyolysis
* Urinary
tract obstruction
Lower-than-normal levels may indicate:
* Muscular dystrophy (late stage)
* Myasthenia gravis |
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